Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Results
Abstract
All vitamin C studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchVitamin CVitamin C (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Azvudine Meta
Bromhexine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Curcumin Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis    Recent:   
0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ Mortality -48% Improvement Relative Risk Vitamin C for COVID-19  Baguma et al.  LATE TREATMENT Is late treatment with vitamin C beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 481 patients in Uganda (March 2020 - October 2021) Higher mortality with vitamin C (not stat. sig., p=0.54) c19early.org Baguma et al., Research Square, December 2021 Favors vitamin C Favors control

Characteristics of the COVID-19 patients treated at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital, Northern Uganda: A cross-sectional study

Baguma et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1193578/v1
Dec 2021  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All   Meta
Vitamin C for COVID-19
7th treatment shown to reduce risk in September 2020
 
*, now known with p = 0.00000011 from 68 studies, recognized in 10 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine complementary and synergistic treatments. * >10% efficacy in meta analysis with ≥3 clinical studies.
3,900+ studies for 60+ treatments. c19early.org
Retrospective COVID+ hospitalized patients in Uganda, 385 patients receiving vitamin C treatment, showing higher mortality with treatment, without statistical significance.
This is the 38th of 68 COVID-19 controlled studies for vitamin C, which collectively show efficacy with p=0.00000011.
19 studies are RCTs, which show efficacy with p=0.0021.
Study covers ivermectin, vitamin C, and vitamin D.
risk of death, 48.5% higher, RR 1.48, p = 0.54, treatment 385, control 96, adjusted per study, inverted to make RR<1 favor treatment, odds ratio converted to relative risk, multivariable, control prevalance approximated with overall prevalence.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Baguma et al., 28 Dec 2021, retrospective, Uganda, preprint, 16 authors, study period March 2020 - October 2021.
This PaperVitamin CAll
Characteristics of the COVID-19 patients treated at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital, Northern Uganda: A cross-sectional study
Steven Baguma, Christopher Okot, Nelson Alema Onira, Paska Apiyo, Denis Acullu, Paska Layet, Johnson Nyeko Oloya, Denis Ochula, Pamela Atim, Patrick Odong Olwedo, Francis Pebalo Pebolo, Freddy Wathum Drinkwater Oyat, Janet Oola, Judith Aloyo, Eric Nzirakaindi Ikoona, David Lagoro Kitara
doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1193578/v1
Background Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory disease that results from infection with a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). One of the most critical issues related to the COVID-19 is the high rate of spread, millions of people have been infected around the world, and hundreds of thousands of people have died till now. However, reports from Africa paint a different picture of the SARS-CoV-2 and its effects on the population. Objectives The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of the COVID-19 patients treated at the Gulu Regional Referral Hospital and determine factors associated with COVID-19 manifestations, socio-demographic characteristics, and treatment outcomes from March 2020 to October 2021. Methods A retrospective data abstraction of all COVID-19 hospital admissions registered in the Gulu Health Management Information System (HMIS) database and other tools were conducted. The period of study was March 2020 to October 2021. Data that met the inclusion criteria were consecutively abstracted from the Gulu Hospital HMIS database. A local IRB approved the study. SPSS version 25.0 was used for data analysis, and a p-value of 0.05 was considered signi cant. Results Data suggests there were three waves of COVID-19 in Uganda. Those with comorbidities, e.g., Diabetes mellitus 38(5.7%), hypertension 83(12.5%), cardiovascular diseases 58(8.7%), HIV and AIDS 61(9.2%), and other comorbidities such as liver cirrhosis and hepatitis B 40(6.0%) were more susceptible and presented with severe forms of the disease. Antibiotics 662(99.7%), steroids 73(11.0%), vitamin C 564(84.9%), Ivermectin 7(1.1%), and Vitamin D 24(3.6%) were the most used medicines for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Most COVID-19 patients were unvaccinated 661(99.5%). However, the recovery rate was 632(95.2%). The commonest complications were pneumonia 60(9.0%), chronic fatigue 49(7.4%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 37(5.6%), depression 20(3.0%), systemic infections 19(2.9%), nightmares 15(2.3%) and septic shock 8(1.2%). The Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) on factors associated with recovery were treated with steroids AOR=138.835 at 95% CI:12.258-1572.50; p<0.000 and Vitamin D AOR=0.016 at 95% CI:1.902-520.98; p=0.016. Conclusion This study showed successful management of COVID-19 patients in low-resource settings with a recovery rate of 95.2%. The admission pattern suggests Uganda had three waves of COVID-19, contrary to the o cial government position of two. Treatment with steroids and Vitamin D is associated with the recovery of COVID-19 patients. There is a need to conduct more extensive studies on the role played by the two drugs in the successful recovery of COVID-19 patients.
Conclusion This study shows successful management of COVID-19 patients in low resource settings in Gulu Regional Referral Hospital with a recovery rate of 95.2%. The pattern of admission to the Hospital suggests Uganda has experienced three waves of COVID-19, contrary to the o cial government position of two waves. Treatment of COVID-19 patients with steroids and Vitamin D is associated with recovery of COVID 19 patients. However, there is a need for Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials to determine the actual effects of these drugs in the Treatment of COVID-19 infections. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate: The Gulu Regional Referral Hospital Institutional and Ethics Committee approved this study, and all participants consented to the study. In addition, the study was conducted following the relevant institutional guidelines and regulations. Competing interests: All authors declare no con ict of interest. Authors contributions: DLK, ENI, PL, JNO, JA, and FWDO participated in designing the study, SB and DLK were responsible for data abstraction supervision, BS, JA, ENI, and DLK were responsible for data analysis, interpretation, writing, and CO, NAO, WAO, BT, JE, PA, PL, FPP, DA, JNO, FWDO, for revising the manuscript. Principal Investigator: Prof. David Kitara Lagoro This qualitative component will occur at most health facilities and in the nine districts in the Acholi subregion in Northern Uganda. The purpose: Since the outbreak of COVID-19, there..
References
Ali, Role of vitamin D in preventing COVID-19 infection, progression, and severity, Journal of Infection and Public Health
Annex, Informed Consent Title: Characterization of COVID-19 patients admitted at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital
Ayugi, Ndagijimana, Luyima, Kitara, Breast cancer awareness and downstaging practices among adult women in the Gulu City Main Market, Northern Uganda: A cross-sectional study, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1136303/v1
Chen, Huang, Cheng, Favipiravir versus arbidol for COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial, MedRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.03.17.20037432
Covid, Severe outcomes among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-United States
Dr, Arwinyo, Gulu Regional Referral hospital on 0782047694
El, Anti-HCV, nucleotide inhibitors, repurposing against COVID-19, Life Sci
Fadel, Morrison, Vahia, short-course corticosteroids in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, Clin Infect Dis, doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa601
Gao, Tian, Yang, Breakthrough Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent e cacy in the treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies, Biosci Trends
Garg, Kim, Whitaker, Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratorycon rmed coronavirus disease 2019 -COVID-NET, 14 States, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
Guan, Ni, Hu, Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China, N Engl J Med
Kirenga, Muttamba, Kayongo, Characteristics and outcomes of admitted patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Uganda, BMJ Open Resp Res, doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000646
Lagoro Kitara, Ikoona, A proposed framework to limit post-lockdown community transmission of COVID-19 in Africa, Pan Afr Med J, doi:10.11604/pamj.2021.38.303.24008.eCollection2021
Lagoro Kitara, Ikoona, COVID-19 pandemic, Uganda's Story, Pan Afr Med J
Lagoro Kitara, Ikoona, Proposed strategies for easing COVID-19 lockdown measures in Africa, Pan Afr Med J
Lagoro Kitara, Karlsson, The effects of economic stress and urbanization on driving behaviors of Boda-boda drivers and accidents in Gulu, Northern Uganda: a qualitative view of drivers, Pan Afr Med J, doi:10.11604/pamj.2020.36.47.21382
Li, Lu, Zhang, Clinical observation and management of COVID-19 patients, Emerg Microbes Infect
Mez, Daneshvar, Kiernan, Clinicopathological evaluation of chronic traumatic encephalopathy in American football players, JAMA
Petrov, Welford, Nikolay, John Degroote, Devlin et al., The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Arctic: regional and temporal dynamics, International Journal of Circumpolar Health, doi:10.1080/22423982.2021.1925446
Prof, David Kitara Lagoro, None
Udugama, Kadhiresan, Kozlowski, Diagnosing COVID-19: the disease and tools for detection, ACS Nano
Vinceti, Filippini, Rothman, Federico, Orsini, The association between rst and second wave COVID-19 mortality in Italy, BMC Public Health, doi:10.1186/s12889-021-12126-4#auth-Nicola-Orsini
Wang, Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China, JAMA
Wu, Mcgoogan, Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, JAMA
Late treatment
is less effective
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit