The effect of vitamin E and vitamin C in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia; a randomized controlled clinical trial

4/14 Late treatment study

Hakamifard et al., Immunopathologia Persa, doi:10.34172/ipp.2021.xx (Peer Reviewed)
The effect of vitamin E and vitamin C in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia; a randomized controlled clinical trial

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RCT with 38 patients treated with vitamin C and vitamin E, and 34 control patients, showing lower ICU admission with treatment, but not statistically significant.

Hakamifard et al., 4/14/2021, Randomized Controlled Trial, Iran, Middle East, peer-reviewed, 8 authors, this trial uses multiple treatments in the treatment arm (combined with vitamin E) - results of individual treatments may vary.

risk of ICU admission, 46.3% lower, RR 0.54, p = 0.46, treatment 3 of 38 (7.9%), control 5 of 34 (14.7%).

hospitalization time, 1.0% lower, relative time 0.99, p = 0.82, treatment 38, control 34.

Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. For an individual study the most serious outcome may have a smaller number of events and lower statistical signficance, however this provides the strongest evidence for the most serious outcomes when combining the results of many trials.

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