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45 vitamin C COVID-19 controlled studies, 12 RCTs
https://c19vitaminc.com/meta.html
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Su -135%
2.35 [0.67-8.27]
progression
n/a
n/a
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Su -34%
1.34 [1.02-1.73]
no improv.
n/a
n/a
Thomas (RCT) -204%
3.04 [0.13-72.9]
death
1/48
0/50
Thomas (RCT) 31%
0.69 [0.12-3.98]
hosp.
2/48
3/50
Thomas (RCT) 18%
0.82 [0.63-1.07]
recov. time
48 (n)
50 (n)
Zhao (PSM) 72%
0.28 [0.08-0.93]
progression
4/55
12/55
Zhao (PSM) -8%
1.08 [0.64-1.80]
viral time
55 (n)
55 (n)
Ried (RCT) 31%
0.69 [0.54-0.89]
no recov.
69/162
46/75
Krishnan 31%
0.69 [0.47-0.92]
death
40/79
52/73
Zhang (RCT) 50%
0.50 [0.20-1.50]
death
6/27
11/29
ICU patients
Zhang (RCT) 80%
0.20 [0.10-0.90]
death
5/27
11/29
ICU patients
Zhang (RCT) 50%
0.50 [0.20-1.80]
death
6/27
10/29
ICU patients
Zhang (RCT) 70%
0.30 [0.21-1.10]
death
5/27
10/29
ICU patients
Yüksel (ICU) 19%
0.81 [0.66-0.99]
death
31/42
40/44
ICU patients
Patel 29%
0.71 [0.43-1.14]
death
22/96
26/80
Patel 16%
0.84 [0.52-1.36]
death
15/30
16/27
Kumari (RCT) 36%
0.64 [0.26-1.55]
death
7/75
11/75
Kumari (RCT) 20%
0.80 [0.40-1.59]
ventilation
12/75
15/75
Kumari (RCT) 26%
0.74 [0.64-0.86]
recov. time
75 (n)
75 (n)
Kumari (RCT) 24%
0.76 [0.66-0.87]
hosp. time
75 (n)
75 (n)
Darban (RCT) 33%
0.67 [0.14-3.17]
progression
2/10
3/10
ICU patients CT1
Darban (RCT) 6%
0.94 [0.84-1.06]
ICU
10 (n)
10 (n)
ICU patients CT1
JamaliMo.. (RCT) 0%
1.00 [0.22-4.56]
death
3/30
3/30
JamaliMo.. (RCT) -25%
1.25 [0.37-4.21]
ventilation
5/30
4/30
JamaliMo.. (RCT) -31%
1.31 [1.03-1.66]
hosp. time
30 (n)
30 (n)
Gao 86%
0.14 [0.03-0.72]
death
1/46
5/30
Hamidi-A.. (RCT) 44%
0.56 [0.20-1.51]
death
5/40
9/40
CT1
Hamidi-A.. (RCT) 38%
0.62 [0.45-0.86]
hosp. time
40 (n)
40 (n)
CT1
Al Sulaiman (PSM) 15%
0.85 [0.61-1.12]
death
46/142
59/142
Mulhem -32%
1.32 [1.07-1.62]
death
157/794
359/2,425
Gadhiya -1%
1.01 [0.48-1.91]
death
19/55
36/226
Hakamifard (RCT) 46%
0.54 [0.14-2.08]
ICU
3/38
5/34
CT1
Hakamifard (RCT) 1%
0.99 [0.91-1.07]
hosp. time
38 (n)
34 (n)
CT1
Elhadi (ICU) -12%
1.12 [0.96-1.31]
death
175/277
106/188
ICU patients
Suna 21%
0.79 [0.44-1.41]
death
17/153
24/170
Suna -2%
1.02 [0.46-2.24]
ICU
11/153
12/170
Pourhoseingholi 13%
0.87 [0.63-1.19]
death
54/199
285/2,269
Li (ICU) -11%
1.11 [0.79-1.54]
death
7/8
19/24
ICU patients
Vishnuram 54%
0.46 [0.24-0.86]
death
164/8,634
10/241
Özgünay (ICU) 9%
0.91 [0.63-1.30]
death
17/32
75/128
ICU patients
Özgünay (ICU) -1%
1.01 [0.79-1.29]
ventilation
23/32
91/128
ICU patients
Tan 25%
0.75 [0.10-2.98]
death/int.
1/46
14/115
CT1
Tan 73%
0.27 [0.09-0.61]
ARDS
7/46
41/115
CT1
Zheng (PSM) -157%
2.57 [0.39-16.8]
death
12/70
7/327
Zheng -169%
2.69 [0.91-7.89]
death
12/70
7/327
Zheng (PSM) -35%
1.35 [0.88-2.08]
no improv.
18/70
16/327
Zheng -32%
1.32 [0.93-1.82]
no improv.
18/70
16/327
Simsek 44%
0.56 [0.23-1.35]
death
6/58
15/81
Simsek 10%
0.90 [0.55-1.46]
ICU
18/58
28/81
Shousha 94%
0.06 [0.01-0.37]
death
22/340
31/207
Tehrani (RCT) 87%
0.13 [0.01-2.25]
death
0/18
4/26
Tehrani (RCT) 18%
0.82 [0.60-1.13]
hosp. time
18 (n)
26 (n)
Majidi (DB RCT) 14%
0.86 [0.74-1.01]
death
26/31
67/69
ICU patients
Baguma -48%
1.48 [0.41-4.70]
death
385 (n)
96 (n)
Tu 83%
0.17 [0.08-0.35]
death
8/116
26/64
Yang (RCT) 15%
0.85 [0.68-1.06]
recov. time
10 (n)
10 (n)
LD2
Yang (RCT) 15%
0.85 [0.75-0.97]
recov. time
10 (n)
10 (n)
LD2
Yang (RCT) 14%
0.86 [0.66-1.11]
viral time
10 (n)
10 (n)
LD2
Yang (RCT) 19%
0.81 [0.68-0.96]
viral time
10 (n)
10 (n)
LD2
Gavrielatou (ICU) 58%
0.42 [0.12-1.48]
death
2/10
49/103
ICU patients
Salehi (ICU) 10%
0.90 [0.65-1.25]
death
22/40
52/85
ICU patients
Coppock (RCT) 5%
0.95 [0.16-7.84]
progression
4/44
2/22
Coppock (RCT) 50%
0.50 [0.16-1.33]
no improv.
6/44
6/22
Coppock (RCT) 22%
0.78 [0.61-0.98]
no disch.
31/44
20/22
Hess (PSW) 20%
0.80 [0.40-1.60]
death
10/25
37/75
Hess (PSW) 40%
0.60 [0.28-1.00]
ventilation
18/25
54/75
Hess (PSW) 50%
0.50 [0.20-0.90]
ventilation
18/25
54/75
Hess (PSW) 27%
0.73 [0.41-1.04]
ICU
22/25
63/75
Hess (PSW) 30%
0.70 [0.40-1.20]
ICU
22/25
63/75
Zangeneh (ICU) 4%
0.96 [0.64-1.45]
death
n/a
n/a
ICU patients
Behera 18%
0.82 [0.45-1.57]
cases
case control
Behera 29%
0.71 [0.40-1.26]
cases
case control
Louca 0%
1.00 [0.97-1.04]
cases
Mahto -26%
1.26 [0.63-2.28]
IgG+
34/140
59/549
Holt -3%
1.03 [0.77-1.39]
cases
49/1,580
397/13,647
Abdulateef 19%
0.81 [0.37-1.78]
hosp.
8/132
22/295
Mohseni -44%
1.44 [1.22-1.71]
cases
34/43
307/560
Nimer 25%
0.75 [0.54-1.04]
hosp.
52/651
167/1,497
Nimer 17%
0.83 [0.62-1.09]
severe case
66/651
194/1,497
Shehab 4%
0.96 [0.46-1.99]
severe case
14/139
12/114
vitamin C COVID-19 outcomes c19vitaminc.com Jun 2022
1 CT: study uses combined treatment 2 LD: comparison with low dose treatment Favors vitamin C
Favors control
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treatments are both valuable and complementary. All practical, effective, and
safe means should be used. No treatment, vaccine, or intervention is 100%
available and effective for all current and future variants. Denying the
efficacy of any method increases mortality, morbidity, collateral damage, and
the risk of endemic status. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking
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