High Dose Intravenous Vitamin C for Preventing The Disease Aggravation of Moderate COVID-19 Pneumonia. A Retrospective Propensity Matched Before-After Study

4/22 Early treatment study

Zhao et al., Frontiers in Pharmacology, doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.638556 (Peer Reviewed)
High Dose Intravenous Vitamin C for Preventing The Disease Aggravation of Moderate COVID-19 Pneumonia. A Retrospective Propensity Matched Before-After Study

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PSM retrospective 110 patients, 55 treated with high-dose IV vitamin C, showing lower progression to severe disease with treatment. Patients in each group were in different time periods, time based confounding is likely due to SOC improving over time. ChiCTR2000033050.

Zhao et al., 4/22/2021, retrospective, propensity score matching, China, Asia, peer-reviewed, 15 authors.

risk of disease progression, 72.0% lower, RR 0.28, p = 0.03, treatment 4 of 55 (7.3%), control 12 of 55 (21.8%), adjusted per study, PSM.

time to viral-, 7.7% higher, relative time 1.08, p = 0.79, treatment 55, control 55, PSM.

This study is excluded in meta analysis: substantial time varying confounding likely due to declining usage over the early period when overall treatment protocols improved dramatically.

Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. For an individual study the most serious outcome may have a smaller number of events and lower statistical signficance, however this provides the strongest evidence for the most serious outcomes when combining the results of many trials.

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